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逃離大城市

Escape from the metropolis

業(yè)主是一對平面設(shè)計師夫婦。因為不愿承擔(dān)北京高昂的生活成本，又厭倦于嚴(yán)重的大城市頑疾，所以選擇回到故鄉(xiāng)，濟(jì)南這樣的二線城市生活。我們聊到這個房子的時候，還是在疫情爆發(fā)之前，那時候男主人說，我們忙起來也是國內(nèi)國外的跑，只要交通方便無所謂在哪里定下來。這個房子既是我們的辦公室，也是我們的家。

The clients are a young couple, both of whom are designers. They grew tired of the plethora of urban issues which plague Beijing, much like any other major metropolis around the world. They decided to move to Jinan, a secondary city in China, which offered more space and a lower cost of living. Our first meeting together occurred before the approaching era of the pandemic, and the husband told me that for them it was not important to be based in any particular city as their work required them to travel often both domestically and abroad. Their new house would become both their home and office.

▼室內(nèi)空間概覽，Overview of the interior space ?成直

誰知道，項目施工之前疫情爆發(fā)。這個在小居室內(nèi)企圖改變空間類型的改造，發(fā)揮了預(yù)料之外的作用。

Who knew that an epidemic would break out before the the beginning of construction. With this new reality in mind, our attempt to change the type of space in a small apartment played an unanticipated role in the renovation.

▼辦公空間概覽，Overview of the working space ?成直

巨案

The grand table

因為平面設(shè)計師的工作特點，我們設(shè)想構(gòu)筑一個有創(chuàng)造力的環(huán)境。它應(yīng)該具備某種特征，盡量減少環(huán)境對人們身體的限制，允許多樣事件發(fā)生。而重中之重，新的空間應(yīng)該提供一張大桌子，主人可以在上面完成大部分的設(shè)計師工作。我們最后因應(yīng)桌面板材的模數(shù)，確定了桌子的大小：三張1.2米x2.4米的膠合板，拼成一張1.8米x4.8米的巨案。

▼巨案結(jié)構(gòu)分析，Analysis diagram of the grand table ?察社辦公室

Because of the nature of the clients work as designers, we envisioned the construction of a creative environment that contained certain characteristics that minimized the physical constraints of said environment and allowed for a variety of events to occur. Most importantly, we planned for a grand table within the new space, which would provide a place for a variety of different home and work activities. The size of the table is dictated by the standard modularized size of the materials used. 3 plywood boards with dimensions of 1.2 x 2.4 meters would be combined to create a massive 1.8 x 4.8 table.

▼由巨案主導(dǎo)的辦公空間，The grand table dominates the working area ?成直

秩序的重塑

The reformation of the discipline

我們涵待改造的現(xiàn)場，是一個很普通的公寓樓套間，房子大概建于20世紀(jì)初。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三室一廳一廚兩衛(wèi)。空間被分割成若干較小的單元。這種空間秩序的塑造，就像這個國家中絕大多數(shù)家庭空間，來自17世紀(jì)的荷蘭，以及20世紀(jì)的蘇聯(lián)。對應(yīng)著絕大多數(shù)勞動者及中產(chǎn)階級的家庭生活。這些家庭往往維系著多名家庭成員，甚至老少三代。但這顯然與主人夫婦比較獨特的訴求不一致，也無法容納那張“巨案”。

The site was originally a standard apartment unit consisting of 3 bedrooms, a common living room, a kitchen, and two bathrooms located in a residential building which was built in 2006. The entire space was divided into several small rooms. The spatial condition and logic behind this original condition stemmed from 17th century Dutch and 20th century Soviet thinking. It met the requirements of most modern urban residents, in particular for middle class families with multiple members and sometimes even multiple generations. However, this collection of small rooms would not fit with our clients’ needs, and could also not accommodate the massive table.

▼改造前的房屋，The house before the renovation ?成直

好在原建筑結(jié)構(gòu)體系為短肢剪力墻。這也就意味著，除了參加結(jié)構(gòu)計算的剪力墻鋼筋混凝土短肢，其他填充墻體均可拆除。當(dāng)我們拜訪清理過后的現(xiàn)場，發(fā)現(xiàn)公寓樓仿佛變成山體，三室一廳的居室變成碩大的山洞。

Fortunately, the building structure is comprised of a system of supporting short-limb reinforced concrete shear walls, and all non-structural interior walls could be removed. When visiting the site just after completing the demolition of the existing apartment, we found that it had transformed into a cave, and the building itself became a mountain.

▼拆除清理后的現(xiàn)場，The site just after demolition ?成直

這讓我想起了HBO系列劇集“權(quán)力的游戲”中的一幕，塔格利安家族的祖庭，龍石島上有個巨大的會議室，懸崖之上，一個包裹著巨案的山洞：畫桌之廳（Chamber of the painted table）寬廣的空間和單向的采光，為場所帶來某種靜謐，令人專注，又自在。

This brings me to a scene from the television series “Game of Thrones”, where on a cliff on “Dragon Stone Island” the ancestral court of the “House of Targaryen” appeared a cave like meeting room within which was a huge table; the so called “Chamber of the painted table”. The large scale of both room and table, and the sky lights emanating from a single direction, together provide a space with a special series of characteristics – Quiet, focused, and at moments relaxed.

▼通透的室內(nèi)空間，An airy and spacious interior ?成直

回到我們的現(xiàn)場，消除墻壁這是第一步，其次，整個設(shè)計策略變成干脆塑造一個沒有分隔的空間。這個空間邏輯的變化意味著，第一，各自分離的小空間合并成一個連續(xù)的整體，房間的尺度感增大數(shù)倍。第二，被鎖在墻壁兩側(cè)的光明和幽暗，轉(zhuǎn)化成連續(xù)的亮度和陰影。第三，被分別賦權(quán)的使用者，重新生活在了一起。

Back to our site, demolishing walls was the first step, and then, our strategy was to create a space which totally lacked them. The spatial transformation led to several consequences, firstly, the separate collection of small rooms was combined into a single entity, and the scale of the space increased dramatically. Secondly, the restriction of light and shadows caused by walls was transformed into something more continuous and gradual. At last, the inhabitants who have been empowered separately by walls now live together again.

▼一個沒有分隔的空間，A space with no partition ?成直

占據(jù)山洞

Occupying the cave

空間的轉(zhuǎn)變，依然攜帶過去的痕跡。不可消除的阻礙，除了短肢剪力墻，還有管道井。這就決定了衛(wèi)生間的大致位置不會發(fā)生變化。我們擴(kuò)大原衛(wèi)生間的區(qū)域，并用一系列擱架和柜子包裹。

After the demolition was complete, there remained many traces and vestiges of the past. Besides short structural walls, the existing plumbing, heating, and electrical facilities and their related core infrastructure could not be moved. This dictated that the general location of both bathrooms would not change. We enlarged the original master bathroom and wrapped it in a series of shelves and cabinets.

▼由巨案看向洗手間入口，A view from the grand table to the entrance of the bathroom ?成直

這個巨大的裝置替代墻壁，變成連續(xù)空間中若有似無的分隔物。分隔物的位置靠近主入口，自然把工作區(qū)域和臥室分開。他們之間由一條窄窄的走廊連接。就像碩大洞穴中的一條幽深通道。而大空間中不可消除的剪力墻短肢，也變成象征性的邊界。

Instead of walls, the huge device generated ultimately functions as a separator. Beginning near the main entrance, it naturally divides the space into two parts, public and private. A narrow corridor enclosed by bookshelves links them together. The corridor appears like a narrow dark passage in an ever expanding cave. Those structural walls standing in the middle of the space became hidden boundaries.

▼巨大的分隔物，A huge storage device function as a separator ?成直

▼走廊處的儲物架，The storage shelf at the corridor ?成直

▼儲物架近景，Close shot of the storage shelf ?成直

擴(kuò)大的廚房，隱藏的客房和容納巨案的大廳模糊的連接在一起。不同功能區(qū)域之間均利用幕簾系統(tǒng)作為移動分隔物。

The expanded kitchen, versatile guest room, and chamber with grand table blurred together, and a series of semi-transparent curtains functioned as tangible, adjustable boundaries between these disparate areas.

▼廚房空間概覽，Overview of the kitchen ?成直

▼料理臺近景，Close shot of the kitchen counter ?成直

一切為了節(jié)省

All about saving budget

這個改造項目的預(yù)算只有20萬人民幣，單方造價不到2000元。因此我們選擇盡量減少施工項目。把錢花在刀刃上。絕大多數(shù)使用功能依托于板材現(xiàn)場加工的固定家具。除了“巨案”，大量的書架和置物架，包括廚衛(wèi)家具，床和一個多功能雙層榻。“巨案”尺度過大無法讓人們面對面就餐，我們又設(shè)計了一個小餐桌，平常藏在“巨案”下面，需要的時候可以拖出來。所有木工家具主材為相較便宜的樺木多層板。

The construction budget was set at only 200,000 RMB for the entire renovation of this 130 m2 apartment, and so we needed to minimize construction projects and place focus on the most important issues. A majority of the construction would utilize on-site carpentry using plywood as a key material, for things like the table, bookshelves, a bed, kitchen cabinets, various furniture in the bathrooms, as well as a multi-functional double layer bed in the “guest room”. The grand table is so large that it is not suitable for dining, and so an additional, shorter sliding table incorporating wheels was added with the ability to be slid underneath its larger counterpart. We decided to use inexpensive birch plywood as both the structural material and final finish for all of these components.

▼臥室入口，The entrance of the bedroom ?成直

▼臥室空間概覽，Overview of the bedroom ?成直

▼隱藏在巨案下的小餐桌，The sliding dining table under the grand table ?成直

清理出的混凝土樓板天花和結(jié)構(gòu)短墻，刮掉膩子后呈現(xiàn)出特殊的質(zhì)感，真實而粗糲。和鄰居間不可拆除的砌塊墻體脆弱掉渣，我們用基層石膏直接涂抹作為完成面。重新分配調(diào)整的電路不在暗藏隱蔽，而直接暴露出來明走。

The existing concrete ceiling and structural walls were stripped of their previously applied finishings, which revealed a very unique, authentic and coarse texture as it was impossible to clean them completely. Other walls between our site and the neighboring apartments were constructed out of concrete aerated blocks, which as a material is fragile. An additional layer of gypsum plaster was used to conceal and protect these block walls. The electrical circuitry was redistributed and no longer concealed, but rather directly exposed as part of the visual environment.

▼從清水混凝土天花暴露出來的電線，The electrical circuitry drops from the concrete ceiling ?成直

一組由吊絲，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，和板材飾面組成，連續(xù)的盒子，沿著梁的方向跑遍全屋。它既是新的線路的橋架，給高處燈具和低處開關(guān)線板供電，又是軟性分割房間拉簾的窗簾盒。

Hanging metal rods supported a set of linear wooden rails running throughout the space in rectangular circuits following the pre-existing structural beams of the apartment. These wooden rails were used as conduits for electrical wiring, mounting structures for curtains, as well as lighting and electrical outlets.

▼窗簾為空間隔斷，The curtain works as partition ?成直

地面材料是最便宜的環(huán)氧樹脂自流平,整體地坪讓山洞一樣的空間更連續(xù)。原歐式戶門防盜門，換成價格低廉的鋼制防火門。廚房為了增加臺面上的置物面積，用電工陶瓷接線杯和鋼纜作為擱架的結(jié)構(gòu)。

The exposed layer of the floor is made up of self-leveling concrete, which was able to maintain the floor as a single plain. The original decorational door was replaced with a simple steel fire door. The shelving in the kitchen is fixed in place using ceramic plugs and steel wire.

▼地面材料近景，Close shot of the floor material ?成直

這個材料和做法策略把施工造價幾乎降到最低。甚至還剩下一些費用，我們選擇在廚衛(wèi)防污防水的界面使用馬賽克。暴露出來的管線和開關(guān)插座，我們也找到較精致的金屬構(gòu)件代替常用的塑料制品。

The material strategy applied reduced the cost of construction to a near minimum. With the remaining budget, we used more expensive mosaic tiles in the kitchen and bathrooms. For the exposed pipe work, switch plates, and light switches, we found more delicate metal components rather than the usual plastic alternatives.

▼洗手間內(nèi)景，The bathroom ?成直

雖然這是一個室內(nèi)改造項目，但是我們依然把他當(dāng)作近幾年一系列小住宅項目的其中一環(huán)，空間形態(tài)和作為“用具”物的連貫。取消一切不必要的分隔，把空間還原到最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)之間，然后再占據(jù)它。人們每日穿梭在連續(xù)的空間，光影變化，和行為事件之間。這個關(guān)于“居室”類型新的嘗試，較大程度上解放了人們的肢體和動態(tài)。我想，這種“局部”的解放，在疫情時期，尤其是對于隔離在家的人們，發(fā)揮了相應(yīng)的作用。

Although this is an interior renovation project, we still operated it as a part of an ongoing series of house projects that we have been involved with in recent years, and the design is a sort of environmental experiment, getting rid of all unnecessary barriers and returning the space to its most basic form. It is about morphology and the continuity of spaces, objects, and actions, as the everyday life of its occupants traverse through a continuum of space and shifting lights; a test of a type of living space liberating peoples bodies and dynamics. I think this “partial” liberation has been useful during this era of the epidemic, in particular for those who are isolated at home.

▼平面圖，Plan ?察社辦公室